Journal: PLOS Pathogens

Article Title: Single amino acid substitution in RdRp reduces viral recombination frequency of NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1014500

Figure Lengend Snippet: HeB108 and its ribavirin-associated mutants were inoculated into Marc-145 cells that were pre-treated with ribavirin (A) or 5-FU (B) at an MOI of 0.01 for 72 h. HuN4 and its ribavirin-associated mutants were inoculated into Marc-145 cells that were pre-treated with ribavirin (C) or 5-FU (D) . Cells without ribavirin or 5-FU treatment served as a control to evaluate the virus titers. Viral genomic RNA level was determined by RT-qPCR. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Monolayers of Marc-145 cells were pre-treated with 100, 200, 300, and 350 μM ribavirin, or 400 and 600 μM 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (MCE, China) for 2 h. The cells were infected with site-directed mutated or parental virus at an MOI of 0.01 for 2 h. The infected cells were washed three times with PBS.

Techniques: Control, Virus, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Potential Efficacy of Luteolin in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Combined In Vitro and In Vivo Study

doi: 10.3390/biom16050737

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Luteolin/5-Fu on apoptosis-related genes in A431 cells. ( a ) Bcl-2 ; ( b ) BAX ; ( c ) EGFR ; ( d ) PI3K ; ( e ) AKT mRNA levels. n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. control group.

Article Snippet: The chemicals and materials used in this experiment are as follows: 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) (99.9%, CAS: 51-21-8, C13964619, Macklin, Shanghai, China); Luteolin (≥98%, RP210105, Madsen, Chengdu, China); 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (98%, A807576, Alphabio, Tianjin, China); Croton oil (≥95%, C865142, Macklin, Shanghai, China); high-glucose DMEM (2383696, Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA); fetal bovine serum (220315JF, Alphabio, Tianjin, China); DMSO (>99.9%, 20220301, Tianjin Hengxing, Tianjin, China); 4% paraformaldehyde tissue fixative (23039118, Beijing Lanjieke, Beijing, China); CCK-8 kit (101824133EF5E, Apexbio, Houston, TX, USA); Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit (2306001, Solarbio, Beijing, China); RIPA lysis buffer (IN-WB001, Invent Biotechnologies, Eden Prairie, MN, USA); Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (051823230704, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); BCA protein assay kit (BL521A, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); DAB chromogenic kit (FL-6001, Changdao Biotech, Shanghai, China); Trizol reagent (1B14KA7304; Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China); HiFiScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (26323, CWBio, Taizhou, China); anti-PI3K (1:1000, bs-2067R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-PI3K (1:1000, bs-5570R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-AKT (1:1000, bsm-33278M, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-AKT (1:1000, bs-2720R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-EGFR (1:1000, bsm-33050M, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-EGFR (1:1000, bsm-52149R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-BAX (1:1000, #2772, CST, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Bcl-2 (1:1000, RO62O1556, Shenyang Wanyu, Shenyang, China); anti-β-actin (1:2000, AF2811, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:8000, 234750818, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China); HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:8000, 235680828, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Potential Efficacy of Luteolin in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Combined In Vitro and In Vivo Study

doi: 10.3390/biom16050737

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of luteolin/5-Fu on apoptosis-related proteins of A431 cell. ( a ) Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression (luteolin/5-Fu treatment); ( b ) Bcl-2/β-actin ratio; ( c ) Bax/β-actin ratio; ( d ) EGFR, PI3K, AKT, and phosphorylated protein levels; ( e ) p-EGFR/EGFR ratio; ( f ) p-PI3K/PI3K ratio; ( g ) p-AKT/AKT ratio. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. control group.

Article Snippet: The chemicals and materials used in this experiment are as follows: 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) (99.9%, CAS: 51-21-8, C13964619, Macklin, Shanghai, China); Luteolin (≥98%, RP210105, Madsen, Chengdu, China); 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (98%, A807576, Alphabio, Tianjin, China); Croton oil (≥95%, C865142, Macklin, Shanghai, China); high-glucose DMEM (2383696, Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA); fetal bovine serum (220315JF, Alphabio, Tianjin, China); DMSO (>99.9%, 20220301, Tianjin Hengxing, Tianjin, China); 4% paraformaldehyde tissue fixative (23039118, Beijing Lanjieke, Beijing, China); CCK-8 kit (101824133EF5E, Apexbio, Houston, TX, USA); Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit (2306001, Solarbio, Beijing, China); RIPA lysis buffer (IN-WB001, Invent Biotechnologies, Eden Prairie, MN, USA); Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail (051823230704, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); BCA protein assay kit (BL521A, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); DAB chromogenic kit (FL-6001, Changdao Biotech, Shanghai, China); Trizol reagent (1B14KA7304; Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China); HiFiScript cDNA Synthesis Kit (26323, CWBio, Taizhou, China); anti-PI3K (1:1000, bs-2067R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-PI3K (1:1000, bs-5570R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-AKT (1:1000, bsm-33278M, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-AKT (1:1000, bs-2720R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-EGFR (1:1000, bsm-33050M, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-p-EGFR (1:1000, bsm-52149R, Bioss, Beijing, China); anti-BAX (1:1000, #2772, CST, Danvers, MA, USA); anti-Bcl-2 (1:1000, RO62O1556, Shenyang Wanyu, Shenyang, China); anti-β-actin (1:2000, AF2811, Beyotime, Shanghai, China); HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:8000, 234750818, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China); HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (1:8000, 235680828, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Synthesis of β-CD@5-Fu; (b) preparation process of β-CD@5-Fu/CMCS/CMCNa/SA hydrogel beads; (c) in vitro release mechanism of β-CD@5-Fu/CMCS/CMCNa/SA hydrogel beads.

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of β-CD@5-Fu inclusion complex and drug-loaded hydrogels: (a) UV-Vis spectra of 5-Fu, β-CD, and β-CD@5-Fu; (b) FTIR spectra of 5-Fu, β-CD, and β-CD@5-Fu; (c) XRD patterns of 5-Fu, β-CD, and β-CD@5-Fu; (d) UV-Vis calibration curves of 5-Fu at different concentrations; (e) linear regression of 5-Fu concentration versus absorbance; (f) encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) capacity of β-CD@5-Fu; (g) absorbance comparison of β-CD@5-Fu in water versus PBS; (h and i) EE and DL of hydrogel beads with different drug-carrier ratios (w/w).

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Encapsulation, Comparison

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) curves of 5-Fu (a), β-CD (b), physical mixture of 5-Fu and β-CD (c), β-CD@5-Fu inclusion complex (d), CMCS/CMCNa/SA hydrogel beads (e), and β-CD@5-Fu/CMCS/CMCNa/SA (f).

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) FTIR spectra of raw materials; (b) FTIR spectra of six hydrogel bead formulations; swelling ratio of β-CD@5-Fu/CMCS/CMCNa/SA hydrogel dried beads (c) and swollen beads (d) in purified water and under different pH conditions (pH 1.2; pH 6.8 with and without phosphate; pH 7.4 with and without phosphate) at 37 °C for 24 h.

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Purification

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydrogel beads with different formulations: (a–f) β-CD@5-Fu-loaded hydrogel beads with varying mass ratios of β-CD@5-Fu to CCS: (a and b) 20 : 30, (c and d) 15 : 35, and (e and f) 10 : 40. (g–l) 5-Fu-incorporated hydrogel beads (without β-CD) at corresponding ratios: (g and h) 20 : 30, (i and j) 15 : 35, and (k and l) 10 : 40. (m–p) Control groups: (m and n) pure SA hydrogel beads and (o and p) CMCS/CMC-Na/SA ternary hydrogel beads (without drugs).

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Control

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: pH-responsive sodium alginate/CMCS/CMCNa composite hydrogel beads for sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

doi: 10.1039/d6ra00194g

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug release performance: (a) release kinetics; (b) shows the comparison results of the cumulative release rate (CFR) of six different hydrogel beads; (c and d) in vitro release of β-CD@5-Fu and 5-Fu loaded hydrogels at different ratios (the error bars represent the standard deviation of three replicate experiments); (e) structural stability in SGF (0–2 h) and SIF (0–12 h); (f) schematic diagram of the drug release mechanism from hydrogel beads.

Article Snippet: β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sodium alginate (SA) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology, Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology.

Techniques: Comparison, In Vitro, Standard Deviation